You will find a lot of different ways to solve this error, but this worked for me.

Working in Visual Studio set a break point.
Hit F5 or Start Debugging.

IE will open.
Start a new InPrivate Browsing IE session (ctrl+Shift+p).
From your first IE session, copy the URL and paste it into your InPrivate session and load the site.

Browse to the item that will trigger your breakpoint.

That’s it.

After doing the above sets, I didn’t see the The breakpoint will not currently be hit. No symbols have been loaded for this document error again.

*update*
Using Chrome or Firefox also helped with avoiding this error.